Cropping is a technique that you may want to apply, especially for close-ups, if you are faced with circumstances that make you unable to fill up your frame with the subject you are shooting. This may include having to step back from your subject to gain depth of field and sharpness, or to remove distracting background elements.
As in my case here, I was testing the ultra-wide-angle Olympus Zuiko OM 21mm 1:3.5 which I had mounted on the 2x crop-sensor E-P5, which effectively makes the lens a 42mm equivalent on full-frame cameras. Even at the lens's closest focusing distance of 0.2 meters, subjects seen by the almost 'perfectly normal' equivalent focal length lens are only as the eyes see it, with no magnification.
Some of these elements are necessary as close-ups may tend to pick up and reflect the colors of their surroundings more than other images. Being a single subject matter, close-ups may tend to be monochromatic as well, and this is where it makes it pertinent to post-process for contrast adjustments.
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